Understanding Thick - Film Resistors: How They Work and Their Applications
1. What is a Thick - Film Resistor?
A thick - film resistor is a type of resistor that is made through a screen - printing process. A thick paste composed of a mixture of conductive particles (such as metal oxides like ruthenium oxide), glass frit, and an organic vehicle is printed onto a ceramic substrate. The printed film is then fired at a high temperature, typically around 800 - 1000°C. This process causes the organic vehicle to burn off, and the remaining components fuse together to form a thick, conductive film with a resistive property.
The thickness of the film is usually in the range of 10 - 30 micrometers, which is significantly thicker than that of a thin - film resistor (where the film thickness is typically in the nanometer to micrometer range).
2. Working Mechanism of Thick - Film Resistors
When a voltage is applied across a thick - film resistor, an electric current tries to flow through the resistive film. The resistance of the thick - film resistor is determined by the resistivity of the material used (primarily the metal oxides), the dimensions of the film (thickness, length, and width), and the porosity of the film structure.
3. Applications of Thick - Film Resistors
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